While a slight dip in CPI inflation kept hopes alive for an interest rate cut in 2024, the Federal Reserve”s newest Dot Plot economic projections, released today, showed the central bank forecasting just one rate cut in 2024.
However, as all dedicated inflation watchers know, the Federal Reserve watches the core inflation rate and not the all-items rate. That index, which excludes more volatile food and energy prices, rose 0.2% month over month in May, after rising 0.3% month over month in April. The core index rose at a 3.4% rate over the last 12 months. While the dip in core inflation is surely encouraging to the Federal Reserve as it fights to get stubborn inflation down to the central bank’s target 2% rate, today’s data show a continued problem the housing prices. The shelter index–the stand-n for housing prices in this index–increased at a 5.4% annual rate in May. That accounted for over two-thirds of the total 12-month increase in inflation.
Employers added 272,000 jobs in May, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported this morning. That number was well above the 185,000n projected by economists and even higher above the 175,000 in the April report. The financial markets were disappointed with the news since it pushed out the schedule for an initial interest rate cut from the Federal Reserve.A cut a the July 31 Fed meting has now been priced out by the market. The Standard & Poor’s 500 fell 0.14% today and the NASDAQ Composite dropped 0.23%
The Federal Reserve has been telling us over and over again that it’d decision on cutting interest rates depends on the data. Among other things, the Fed wants to see a steady slowdown in the employment market reflected in the data before it cuts interest rates. But what if the data have been wrong? For months? Today in its regular Quarterly Cent of Employment and Wages the Bureau of Labor Statistics raised just that possibility.
Don’t expect inflation worries to go away. One thing that is keeping inflation worries at full boil is the problem of understanding why inflation has stayed higher than expected for so long. Has something fundamentally changed in the economy? And could that keep inflation higher than expected for longer than now expected? The answer according to a new and disconcerting study from the Cleveland Federal Reserve Bank is “yes.” The inflationary impacts from pandemic-era supply chain shocks have largely resolved and the remaining forces that are keeping inflation elevated are “very persistent,” Cleveland Fed economist Randal Verbrugge wrote in a report released on Thursday. Inflation may not return to the U.S. central bank’s 2% target until mid-2027.
The Federal Reserve’s preferred measure of U.S. inflation–the core personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index, which strips out volatile food and energy prices–rose 0.2% in April from March.That was the smallest advance in 2024, according to Bureau of Economic Analysis data out Friday. And there was more evidence of a slowing economy today.
Friday brings more inflation data— price indexes for April personal income and spending, including the Personal Consumption Expenditures index, the Federal Reserve’s preferred inflation measure. The PCE ran at an annual 2.7% in March and has exceeded the Fed’s 2% inflation target since March 2021.
Today’s video is The Uncertainty of Uncertainty in the Stock Market. Right now we’re seeing uncertainty on top of uncertainty. The CPI numbers just came out and April showed a slightly lower annualized inflation rate than March. The market took this as a signal that we’ve moved past inflation stagnation and have resumed the march towards 2%. This is, of course, an uncertainty. Another uncertainty is the what we don’t know about the inner thinking at the Fed. How much of a decline does the Fed really need to see to start cutting rates? Right now, according to the CME Fedwatch tool, there is a 70% chance that we’ll see interest rate cuts at the September Fed meeting. This prediction has shifted a lot in the last few months and could continue to shift. These uncertainties mean that the market may be fully priced at 5,200. Some analysts suggest we could hit 5,600 by the end of the year, making it a 15-20% year. In the short term, it’s really hard to predict how people react to all these layers of uncertainty. It’s also difficult to hedge this market so I recommend looking at individual stocks in lithium or copper that will continue to go up, even if the market as a whole doesn’t move.
Today, May 15, the April Consumer Price Index report dangled new hope in front of investors. The all-items index annual rate of inflation dropped to an annual 3.4% rate from 3.5% in March. The core index, which leaves out food and energy prices, fell to an annual rate of 3.6%, down from 3.8% in March. Those annual rates are still way above the Federal Reserve’s inflation target of 2%. But after three straight reports where the inflation rate came in above market expectations todays report, which hit projections right on the mark, came as good news. In recent weeks Wall Street has speculated that inflation is set to resume its downward course starting with the April report. And after stalling above 3.5%, annual inflation would resume its downward path.
Granted that the remarks weren’t delivered at the most high profile venue–a panel discussion at the Foreign Bankers Association meeting in Amsterdam–but I read Federal Reserve chairmen Jerome Powell as saying that the U.S.central bank might hold interest rates steady for longer than now expected by WallStreet. Ahead of new inflation data from the Consumer Price Index for April due tomorrow, anyway. On the day before the meeting economists were expecting the annual inflation rate at both the all-time and core levels to have dropped by 10 or 20 basis in April
I expect more inflation news. What else? On Wednesday, May 15, the Bureau of Labor Statistics will release its report on Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation for April. Even though the CPI isn’t the Federal Reserve’s preferred inflation measure (that’s the Person Consumption Expenditures (PCE) index, which won’t be released (for April) until May 31), Wall Street is looking for a trend in the CPI report that will point to the inflation rate moving lower convincingly enough so that the U.S. central bank can begin to cut interest rates at its September meeting.
Today’s video is How big a danger is consumer debt? The Federal Reserve has been slowly trying to get inflation down one more percentage point by slowing the economy (without crashing it). One of the things the Fed looks at is how consumers are doing. Consumer revenue is about 70% of the overall economy and consewuently the Fed has been keeping an eye on consumer debt. At the moment, debt as we can measure it, is at a high level with credit card delinquencies at 3.5% in December 2023, the highest since the current data series istarted in 2012. But that number doesn’t capture everything gong on with consumer debt since the increasingly popular Buy Now, Pay Later products aren’t included in the big consumer debt measurements. Thes products let people stretch or delay payments by cutting them into installlments. The Buy now/pay later market is currently only about $18 billion but is projected to hit $700 billion by 2029. What’s th deliquency ratw for Buy now/pay later? No one knows because the companies providing Buy Now, Pay Later programs don’t report delinquencies to credit bureaus. Anecdotally, the delinquwncy rate seems high. A Bloomberg survey found that about 43% of people in Buy Now, Pay Later programs say they’re behind or feeling pressure on their payments. 28% say they’re delinquent on other debt as a result of these payments. Th Fed faces a tough enough job of sailing the economy to a safe harbor without having to steer blind n a big and growing part of the markrt for consumer debt. My worry is that the economy may be slowing faster than the Fed would hope or can accurately measure. Keep an eye on this as the Fed continues to push rate cuts further and further down the road.
