Headline, all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation fell again in January, but not by as much as economists had projected before this morning’s report from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In January prices rose at 3.1% year-over-year. That’s a slower increase than the 3.4% annual rate notched in December. But economist had projected that inflation would dip to a 2.9% annual rate. And stocks dropped on the disappointment.
I expect another downward move for inflation when the January Consumer Price Index (CPI) is reported on Tuesday. Economists surveyed by Bloomberg expect that the core consumer price index, which excludes move volatile food and fuel prices, will show a year over year rate of increase of 3.7% in January. That would be the slowest year-over-year increase since April 2021.
A day before the January jobs report that everyone on Wall Street is awaiting with bated breath two other reports painted a conflicting picture of how the U.S. economy is doing. And just in case you’ve forgotten the strength and speed of economic growth is what will determine when the Federal Reserve first cuts interest rates and how many cuts investors will see in 2024.
U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew at an annual 3.3% rate in the fourth quarter, the Commerce Department announced today. That was down from the 4.9% annual growth rate in the third quarter, but substantially above the 2.0% rate expected by economists. For the full year, the US.economy expend at a 3.1% rate.
Federal Reserve officials were out with one message today: The slightly higher-than-expected CPI inflation number for December/the slightly-slower-than-expected slowdown in CPI inflation argues that there’s still more work to be done on bringing inflation down to the Fed’s 2% target. And that talk of a rate cut in March is premature.
I expect the Federal Reserve to continue to try talking back some of the enthusiasm that greeted its December 13 meeting and the release of a new set of Dot Plot projections showing that the median forecast of staff and policy makers at the U.S. central bank called for three interest rate cuts in 2024.
If you follow the headline numbers (what’s known as All Urban Consumers) for the Consumer Price Index (CPI), you’d say, “See inflation continues to fall; the Federal Reserve will cut rates quickly in 2024.” But you’d be following the wrong CPI number.
In October job openings in the U.S. economy fell to the lowest level since early 2021. I’m sure that make the Federal Reserve happy ahead of its December 13 meeting on interest rates. The Fed has been looking for sign that the labor market is cooling off. And it’s getting plenty of them recently. (And will probably get more on Thursday and Friday when the government reports new claims for unemployment and the jobs situation for November.) The question, for those few of us who still see a recession in 2024 as a danger, is When is slower too slow? A slowing labor market means fewer gains to average weekly earnings. Which translates into either less consumer spending, or consumer spending fueled by more debt.
The Dow Jones Industrial average soared 1.47% today–or 520 points–as the Federal Reserve’s favorite inflation measure showed that inflation continued to fall in October. The inflation news, the market decided, was exceedingly good news for the old economy stocks in the Dow 30. In contrast, the new economy stocks in the NASDAQ Composite fell 0.23% on the day.
The pace of improvement in the U.S. inflation rate is set to slow in the coming year. According to the economists surveyed by Bloomberg in its latest monthly outing, the core personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index-—-the Federal Reserve’s preferred measure of inflation–will still be running at a 2.5% pace at the end of 2024. That’s up slightly from the 2.4% prediction in last month’s Bloomberg poll. Importantly it’s still significantly higher than the Fed’s 2% target inflation rate.
The U. S. economy, economists project, grew at the fastest rate in nearly two years in the third quarter. The actual figures from the Bureau of Economic Analysis get released before the market opens on Thursday, October 26. Gross domestic product grew at a 4.3% annualized pace in the quarter, according to the median projection in a Bloomberg survey of economists.
Today’s Consumer Price Index report on inflation had just enough bad news on inflation to keep one more interest rate increases from the Federal Reserve on the table for 2023. The all items CPI inflation rate rose 0.4% in September from August. That was slightly above the 0.3% monthly rate that economists had expected. The core rate, which excludes more volatile food and fuel prices, rose by 0.3% in the month, as expected by economists. The bad news in the core number is that the month to month rate of increase at 0.3% recently isn’t low enough to bring inflation down to the Fed’s 2% target.
