You know the saying, When all you have is a hammer, every problem looks like a nail? How about this data world version, When you don’t track the data, you can’t see the problem? I was drawn to paraphrase the classic hammer/nail adage by the release of the Federal Reserve’s most recent economic projections, the Dot Plot, on Wednesday, March 20 when I thought about the economic data the Fed didn’t include in its projections.
The Federal Reserve unanimously voted to leave the benchmark Fed Funds rate in a range of 5.25% to 5.5%, the highest since 2001, for a fifth straight meeting. They left their projections in the quarterly Dot Plot for the Fed Funds rate by the end of 2024 at 4.6%. That was the same projection as in the December Dot Plot. And nothing in either the post-meeting press statement or in Fed chair Jerome Powell’s press remarks changed the timing on when the Fed will make its first interest rate cut.
Today’s video is Interest Rate Cut Transition Going Well. Well, so far. Until Wednesday, anyway. Last week we had another batch of bad inflation news: the inflation rate has stopped its decline, and even crept upward a bit. However, the market hasn’t panicked. Wall Street has moved the goalpost for a rate cut from the upcoming March 20 meeting to the June or July meeting. Last week’s bad news dropped the odds for a rate cut by the June 12 meeting on the CME Fedwatch Tool to 63.1%, down slightly from the previous day. The odds of no move on the June 12 meeting are on their way to 40%. Investors have set their sights on July. This will likely continue to push the market sideways until April when we get a bit of earnings excitement, again, around AI. Consolidation after the rally early in the year isn’t a bad thing for the market, and as long as no one panics, I think we’ll see a relatively smooth transition to the eventual interest rate cuts.
It’s becoming a refrain. Today another inflation measure came in hotter than expected. Which is the problem. It’s har to ignore the possibility that inflation has stopped its steady decline and its recent months has started to move up again. Is there a problem here beyond a stickiness in prices that is preventing the Federal Reserve from reaching its inflation goals? And that might be endangering even a June timetable for an initial interest rate cut? Prices paid to U.S. producers rose in February by the most in six months.
There’s not much question of what the Federal Reserve will do at its March 20 meeting. The odds–99% on the CME Fed Watch Tool–are that the Fed will do nothing and leave interest rates at the current 5.25%-5.50% benchmark. But that day the Fed will also release its most recent quarterly revision of its economic projections for the year ahead, the Dot Plot. And those projections will have, potential, market moving power. The central question: Will the Fed hold to its projection of 2 interest rate cuts in 2024 or will the bank, worried by recent evidence that inflation has been stubbornly high in recent months, point toward just one cut by the end of the year?
Core CPI inflation came in hotter than expected in February for a second straight month. The core Consumer Price Index, which excludes food and energy prices, increased 0.4% from January, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The year over year inflation rate rose to 3.8%. Economists had been projecting 3.7% annual rate. Core CPI over the past three months rose an annualized 4.2%, the highest annual rate since June. That adds to worries that the improvement in inflation has stalled in recent months.
A month after the stock market was rocked by a worse-than-expected inflation report, investors are fearing a reprise when the latest data arrives on Tuesday. Last Thursday stocks rallied when Fed Chair Jerome Powell said in his testimony before the Senate that the central bank is “not far” from being ready to cut interest rates. But this week Fed officials are in their regular blackout period ahead of their meeting on March 19 and 20. Absent Fed commentary on the inflation report, stocks may be volatile again.
The headline, all-items Personal Consumption Expenditures price index, the Federal Reserve’s preferred inflation measure, climbed at a 2.4% year over year rate in January. That was in line with what economists had forecast and down from the 2.6% annual rate in December. The core PCE, that is after stripping out more volatile food and fuel prices, climbed at a 2.8% year over year rate. In December the annual rate of core inflation had been 2.9%. But that was the end of the good news in today’s PCE inflation report.
On Thursday the financial markets get a new monthly PCE inflation report. The PCE, Personal Consumption Expenditures index, is the Federal Reserve’s favorite inflation measure. And Thursday’s report on January inflation could be bad news for the financial markets,
The Labor Department reported Friday that its producer price index—which tracks inflation before it reaches consumers—rose 0.3% from December to January. The index had dropped -0.1% in December. Measured year over year, producer prices rose by 0.9% in January. But the month to month increase in producer prices and at a higher month to month rate is the latest sign that getting inflation the “last mile” down to the Federal Reserve’s 2% target rate is going to be harder and take longer than expected.
Remember all that fear talk after CPI headline inflation came in at a 3.1% annual rate in January versus the projected 2.9%? Well, that lasted all of a day.
Today’s video is Inflation: Stickier for Longer. The market is now beginning to suspect that the Fed has a last mile problem. The CPI numbers from Tuesday weren’t terrible, but they weren’t as low as the market hoped. Headline inflation was at 3.1% annual rate and core inflation was 3.9%–markedly better than the past high of 9%, but not quite hitting the 2.9% for headline inflation that economists were looking for. The miss has finished a flip in sentiment about a March rate cut. The CME FedWatch poll in January had March rate cut odds at 90% likely, now, just a month later, the odds of no action are up to nearly 90%. Only about a third of investors believe there will be a rate cut in May with odds of no action up to 61%. The calendar is being pushed out to June or July for cuts from the Fed. This has resulted in bond yields going back up, around 4.3% on the ten year Treasury, and stocks going down a bit. There is a hope out there that the CPI numbers were a January blip, but if you look at the breakdown of the inflation numbers, it seems clear that inflation is just plain sticky. The Atlanta Federal Reserve Bank index that looks at the sectors that tend to be sticky and how much they’re influencing the overall inflation rate shows that prices in those sticky inflation categories have stopped and that they are a major factor keeping inflation higher than hoped. . Additionally, while there’s been a big drop in goods prices, the price of services has not gone down nearly as much. The super core inflicts number, which looks a prices in the services sector after taking out the cost of shelter has stalled. All this to say, we’ve got good evidence that this last mile from 3% to 2% on inflation could take a while.
