The big short run question–at least ahead of the Federal Reserve’s March 20 meeting on interest rates–is whether the financial markets have gotten too far ahead of the Fed on the pace of interest rate cuts. Here’s what to watch.
I expect the Federal Reserve to continue to try talking back some of the enthusiasm that greeted its December 13 meeting and the release of a new set of Dot Plot projections showing that the median forecast of staff and policy makers at the U.S. central bank called for three interest rate cuts in 2024.
Today sure sounded like policy-makers remorse from the Federal Reserve. New York Fed President, the vice-chair of the Federal Reserve’s interest-rate setting Open Market Committee, said that central-bank policy makers weren’t actively debating when to cut interest rates. That’s sure not what the stock market heard on Wednesday.
In its December revision of its Dot Plot projections for interest rates in 2024, the median projection by the U.S. central bank’s staff and policy makers estimated three interest rate cuts by the end of 2024. The market, which had been hoping for exactly this news, cheered, and stocks moved to record or near record highs. And in reaction to the Fed’s news, Wall Street moved its forecasts to match the new projection. Barclays, for example, is calling for three cuts in 2024 and JPMorgan Chase moved its forecast for the start of cuts to June. But, on Wall Street nothing exceeds like excess so projections are pushing beyond the Fed’s median view.
Among today’s big stock market winners today: SolarEdge Technologies (SEDG), the biggest maker of inverters used in turning sunlight into electricity, closed up 16.67%, and Sunrun (RUN), a leader in the installation of residential solar systems, closed up 19.92%. This rally had absolutely nothing to do with any news out of the recently ended COP28 United Nations Climate Conference. It was a pure reaction to the signs in yesterday’s Dot Plot from the Federal Reserve that the central bank was looking to cut interest rates at least three times in 2024. Makes perfect sense.
Today, the Federal Reserve caught up with the financial markets. The Fed’s Open Market Committee kept interest rates steady at a benchmark 5.25% to 5.50%, as expected. And the Fed’s Dot Plot projections showed that the median projection expects three interest rate cuts in 2024. That’s a huge shift from the September Dot Plot and moves the Fed toward the current Wall Street hope for 4 cuts or more in 2024. The Dot Plot also projects that the unemployment rate would rise slightly next year, to 4.1%, from a recent 3.7% rate, and that inflation would continue to improve in 2024 but not reach the Fed’s 2% target. Stocks soared on the confirmation of the consensus hope. At the close, the Dow Jones Industrial Average jumped 512.3 points, or 1.4%, to a record high of 37,090.24. The S&P 500 index climbed 1.37%, and the Nasdaq 1.38%.
If you follow the headline numbers (what’s known as All Urban Consumers) for the Consumer Price Index (CPI), you’d say, “See inflation continues to fall; the Federal Reserve will cut rates quickly in 2024.” But you’d be following the wrong CPI number.
Maybe. Must maybe. All eyes will be on the Federal Reserve meeting on December 13.
The U.S. economy added 199,000 jobs in November, the Labor Department reported today, Friday, November 8. The unemployment rate dropped to 3.7% from 3.9% in October That surprised economists who had expected the unemployment rate to hold steady. The bond market reacted in the morning hours after the report was released at 8:30 a.m. New York time by selling Treasuries. The yield on the 10-year Treasury gained 8 basis points to 4.233% as of 10 a.m. in New York as bond prices fell. The yield on the two-year Treasury jumped 78 basis points to 4.669%.
It’s probably not enough to push the Federal Reserve to cut rates on the schedule that Wall Street is hoping for –with the first cut in March 2024–but it does make a “no increase in interest rates” result from the December 13 Fed meeting even more likely.
In October job openings in the U.S. economy fell to the lowest level since early 2021. I’m sure that make the Federal Reserve happy ahead of its December 13 meeting on interest rates. The Fed has been looking for sign that the labor market is cooling off. And it’s getting plenty of them recently. (And will probably get more on Thursday and Friday when the government reports new claims for unemployment and the jobs situation for November.) The question, for those few of us who still see a recession in 2024 as a danger, is When is slower too slow? A slowing labor market means fewer gains to average weekly earnings. Which translates into either less consumer spending, or consumer spending fueled by more debt.
It wasn’t the most forceful pushback it’s true, but the financial markets paid attention to Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell’s attempt to say interest rate cuts aren’t just around the corner for about two minutes. And then the rally based on a belief in 4 or 5 cuts in 2024, and as early as March (and certainly by May), was off and running again.
