Core CPI inflation rose at a 3.2% annual rate in July. That was the slowest rate of increase since early 2021.And that rate of increase was low enough to keep the Federal Reserve on track for cutting interest rates at its September 18 meeting.
Expect a final inflation test before the Federal Reserve meets on September 18. Unless there’s a huge surprise in the Wednesday, August 14, CPI report, the Fed will cut interest rates for the first time at that meeting.
The number of Americans filing initial claims for unemployment benefits fell more than expected last week. Initial claims fell 17,000 to a seasonally adjusted 233,000 for the week ended August 3, the Labor Department said today, August 8. That was the largest drop in 11 months. Economists polled by Reuters had forecast 240,000 claims for the latest week. The data calmed fears on an impending recession raised by last Friday’s unexpectedly weak jobs report for July.
The options market is implying the S&P 500 Index will move 1.2% in either direction that morning on the report on U.S. initial and continuing claims for unemployment.
Today, Tuesday August 6, the Nikkei 225 index closed up 10.23% in Tokyo. That erased most of Mondyay’s 12% loss. And it led to the U.S. futures market opening higher and U.S. stock indexes moving up today. At the close in New York, the Standard & Poor’s 500 was ahead by 1.03%, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average was higher by 0.76%. The NASDAQ Composite had gained 1.03% and the small cap Russell 2000 had added 1.23%.The volatility eertainly isn’t over but today the market is following the usual patterns–with buying on the drop emerging after a big sell off–and that’s a big relief after the panic-inducing movement of the last three sessions. Those on Wall Street trying to figure out where we are in the unwinding of the yen/dollar carry trade that has lent so much intensity of the drop ay that the selling of dollar assets to buy ten isn’t over. Which makes sense.
Okay, the correction in the NASDAQ and the near correction in the Standard & Poor’s 500 isn’t all about Japan. U.S. stock valuations are stretched. Air is coming out of the AI bubble. The U.S. economy is slowing But to me those factors don’t explain the stunning rapidity of this drop. Nor why the biggest damage to any global market is taking place in Tokyo. To me this event has all the hallmarks of a move that has more to do with the unwinding of massive speculative trades than with anything we might label “fundamentals” or “macro economics.”Edward Yardeni, president of Yardeni Research and one of the smartest long-time observers of the financial markets I follow, points his finger at Japan and the surprise interest rate increase from the Bank of Japan that has led to a rapid unwinding of the speculative dollar/yen carry trade.
Yeah, I know you can read a calendar, but take a moment to think about how the extraordinary August economic news vacuum feeds into the current market plunge. No Federal Reserve meeting in August so no interest rate cut until September 18. Which also means no new economic projections from the Fed on GDP growth or the likelihood of recession. No Fed Speak at all, really, with reassurance that the economy is slowing but not headed for recession, until the August 22-24 central bank gab fest in Jackson Hole. No significant earnings news–big enough to affect sentiment at least–until Nvidia’s (NVDA) earnings on August 28.
The U.S.economy added only 114,000 jobs in July. Economists surveyed by Bloomberg had projected an increase of 175,000 jobs in the month. The unemployment rate unexpectedly climbed by 0.2 percentage points to 4.3% in July, exceeding all 69 estimates by economists. Average hourly earnings rose 0.2% on a monthly basis, also less than forecast, and on an annual rate increased by 3.6%–the least since May 2021. The jump in the unemployment rate triggered the Sahm Rule. Coined by former Federal Reserve economist Claudia Sahm, the rule says that when the average jobless rate over three months is 0.5 percentage point above the 12-month low, a recession is coming. And that’s exactly where we are now. “We’re not headed in a good direction,” Sahm said on Bloomberg Radio Friday. It’s fair to say the stocks weren’t happy on Friday.
The latest report on the ISM manufacturing index came in at 46.8 for July, lower than expected and down 1.7 points from the 48.5 recorded in June. (In this index ny reading below 50 indicates contraction in the sector.) That sign of contraction fueled fears that the Federal Reserve may have waited too long to cut interest rates–a rate cut seems to be in the cards for the central bank’s September meeting–and that the U.S. economy is in danger of slipping into recession. The stock market tumbled Thursday. The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell almost 500 points, or about 1.2%. The S&P 500 dropped about 75 points, or almost 1.4%, while the tech-heavy Nasdaq composite index was down more than 400 points, or about 2.3%. Money flowed into bonds: The 10-year Treasury yield fell below 4% for the first time since February.
At today’s meeting the Federal Reserve left its benchmark interest rate unchanged at 5.25% to 5.50%. Fed Chair Jerome Powell said an interest-rate cut could come as soon as September. “The question will be whether the totality of the data, the evolving outlook, and the balance of risks are consistent with rising confidence on inflation and maintaining a solid labor market,” Powell told reporters Wednesday. “If that test is met, a reduction in our policy rate could be on the table as soon as the next meeting in September.”
I’ve started to call this The McDonald’s Economy–where the long-term effects of high inflation on prices damps consumer purchasing, but where the recent drop in inflation has limited companies’ “cover” for price increases. The result is that companies are seeing lower sales volumes at the same time as consumers push back ore strongly against price increases. McDonald’s isn’t the only company caught in this vise. Customer traffic at U.S. fast-food restaurants fell 2% in the first half of the year compared to the same period a year ago, according to Circana, a market research company. Circana expects high inflation and rising consumer debt will also dent traffic in the second half of 2024.
Earnings, earnings, earnings. From members of the Magnificent 7: Microsoft (MSFT), Amazon (AMZN), Meta Platforms (META) and Apple (AAPL). in the consumer sector from consumer stocks Starbucks (SBUX), McDonald’s (MCD), Mastercard (MA).From drug companies Pfizer (PFE), Moderna (MRNA) and Merck (MRK). And from Big Oil Chevron (CVX), ExxonMobil (XOM), Shell (SHEL), and BP (BP). Here’s what I’d watch for.
